Aegirocassis

Aegirocassis is a genus of anomalocarid arthropod belonging to the family Hurdiidae that lived 480 million years ago during the early Ordovician. It is known by a single species, Aegirocassis benmoulai. A fossil of A. benmoulai from the Fezouata biota, Morocco was discovered by and named after Mohamed Ben Moula, a fossil collector who recognized its rare characteristics and brought it to the notice of a professional paleontologist, Peter Van Roy, at the Ghent University in Belgium.[3]

Life reconstruction of Aegirocassis benmoulai

Van Roy initiated scientific study of the fossil,[4] the earliest known of a "giant" filter-feeder discovered to date.[5] Aegirocassisis considered to have evolved from early predatory anomalocarids.[6] At the time of its existence, A. benmoulai was possibly the largest animal in the world.[3] The length was described as exceeding 2.0 metres (6.6 ft) in the scientific journal Nature.[1]

The fossil was preserved with exceptional three-dimensional detail, unlike most other anomalocarid fossils, in which the animals are flattened.[7] The quality of three-dimensional preservation has shed light on the nature of anomalocarid trunk flaps. Each trunk segment of the Aegirocassis benmoulai specimen has both a ventral and a dorsal pair of flaps. Several details seen clearly in the specimen led to a review and reassessment of research of existing specimens and, most importantly, to the conclusion that the ventral pair are homologous with lobopodous walking limbs in arthropods, and the dorsal pair are homologous with the flaps of gilled lobopodians and exites of the Cambrian biramous limb.[1][8]